Essay on Moving Image Analysis

In this work, we aim at analyzing the selected Scene below from â€Å"The Dark Knight† This is a very clear image with different elements properly arranged, and the general combination gives a very clear meaning: conflict. The creator of this image has employed all the necessary techniques so as to develop a very clear image with a quite definite meaning. Just at a glance, anybody can tell what this image is all about: a captured man who has gone through pains and torture and is strictly monitored by another individual whose identity remains unrevealed. Critical analysis A critical analysis of an image involves an active watching or observation of the image (whether moving or still), decoding, it and finally stating the clear meaning in a language that anybody can understand, suggesting the necessary adjustments that are deemed necessary. This is what is done in this essay. This image can be divided into two different grounds, the foreground and the back ground. In the foreground, the main objects are: two different men, one man is the victim of torture while the other man is the source of the torture. The background of this image indicates a building, as the wall of this building is easily seen. Various elements in these objects, in their combined form, both in the background and foreground, give the meanings indicated above. The analysis of these elements is their respective meanings are done hare-under. Let us consider the foreground. The first object is the seated man. We can confidently say that this man has undergone a series of torture. This is revealed by the elements which include the blood, his position, his appearance, and his costumes. The blood, which is mainly found on his facial area, around the mouth, clearly reveals that he has gone through serious beatings. This object is seated in a closed room and behind him is a man revealed to be monitoring him. His appearance, especially the look on his face, depicts the sufferings he is going through. He looks weak and quite subjective, without resistance to any action from the oppressor. He desperately needs help. His outfit, compared to that of the man behind him, tells that he is indeed the victim. These costumes reveal that he was actually not prepared for any form of body injury or attack. The theme and mood of this image can clearly be read here. The second object in the foreground is the man standing. A critical analysis of this man reveals that he is the actual source of the torture. He is the one responsible for the sufferings that the seated man goes through. Within this man, several elements together reveal the aforementioned. These elements include the clothing, the head mask, and his general outlook. Starting with the outfit, a non-disputed role and characteristics of this object are easily seen. The head mask reveals that the identification of this man must remain secrete. The type of body clothes tells the kind of body protection that he actually needs. Here, we can comfortably say that this object is subjected to various forms of activities which necessitate proper body protection. The activities may result in body injuries and that is why a proper body protection is needed. Without any doubt, we can comfortably say that this man is responsible for the torture and oppressions indicated by the first man. In the background of this frame, there are some other effects that together form the Mise-en-scà ¨ne. The background wall and the lighting show that this is a closed room. The background helps in bringing realism. The lighting of the room indicates the level of the conflict in this image. We can openly see that the conflict is intensified by the lighting of this closed room. In the foreground the light is more intensified as compared to the background with deem light. The two light variations show that the seated man is facing the source of light, probably the door. The background indicates the plot of the image. Also there is something like a table in the foreground, where the seated man has stretched his hands. A keen analysis of this seated man reveal that he is facing some object, maybe a panel of interrogators or judges. Combining all the stated elements, objects and their corresponding meanings, one general meaning of this image can be drawn: this image is about a captured man under very tight security and has been seriously tortured by the hostage takers. The captured man faces a team of interrogators who are interested in extracting some vital information from him. Other than the above discussed features, other styles that have been used in this image include the shot. In this frame, there is an objective point-of-view shot which makes the observers view the image secretly as a third party. The scene is not actually from the character’s perspective but from an observer’s perspective; the viewer. The viewer does not feel as part of the action. The camera angle gives an eye-line match. The image has not been zoomed and this makes it appear as a real image. Reality has been brought by this non-zooming effect. It has also improved the quality of the image as the zoomed objects normally appear blurred. The lighting in this image also creates some other meaning other than the above discussed. It creates the mood and the atmosphere. This image has been created as real and not fiction. This greatly oversimplifies the reality and makes the image more real and believable.

Police Officer Training Curriculum Essay - 1333 Words

POLICE OFFICER TRAINING CURRICULUM The curriculum that is devised for a police officer is very important to the police officer and his or her success in their chosen career path. An officers training is also very important to the community in which they serve and the department in which they work. An officer must receive training in a variety of fields to help them be a well-rounded police officer. Officers receive training in such areas as: law, community relations, firearms, vehicle driving, search and seizure, and cultural awareness. The basic curriculum that is offered to a new recruit is focused on giving the recruit the best overall training that will give him or her the tools necessary to become the best police officer they†¦show more content†¦Recruits need to know the basics of firearms safety, weapon care, the use of force and the possibilities and consequences of criminal and civil liability. Once out in the field officer need to know how to handle situation that may require use of force and to conduct themselves within the departments use of force policy. Police officers need a good understanding of the law. Recruits need training in criminal law and civil law. Within the law training blocks, recruits would be introduced to criminal procedure and rules of evidence. Training must also include how to handle incidents with juveniles and the mentally ill and domestic violence situations. The majority of a patrol officers work involves traffic stops. Recruits need to be trained in all aspects of the vehicle code and highway safety. Recruits need to understand vehicle licensing, title and registration. Many officers who know the vehicle code that conduct traffic stops for minor vehicular infractions often encounter much larger criminal activity, such as finding drugs or a wanted felon. A major area of training for the recruits is patrol procedures and operation. First, recruits would be trained in the history and importance of patrol. Next, would be orientation int o pre-patrol and routine patrol procedures. Once the recruits have a good understanding of the patrol basics, then they would be introduced to patrol activities and incidents. Recruits would have practical applicationShow MoreRelatedEssay on POLICE OFFICER TRAINING CURRICULUM1320 Words   |  6 Pages POLICE OFFICER TRAINING CURRICULUM nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The curriculum that is devised for a police officer is very important to the police officer and his or her success in their chosen career path. An officer’s training is also very important to the community in which they serve and the department in which they work. An officer must receive training in a variety of fields to help them be a well-rounded police officer. 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Managing of Groups in an Organization

Question: Discuss about theManaging of Groups in an Organization. Answer: Introduction This case study is based on Google and the problems that the organization was facing. Managers adopt the skills that are covered in class set up and apply them in real life situations. In applying these skills there is a link between the experience in class and the real life situation. Julia tends to compare and apply skills that were used in school when working on class assignments and comparing them to how they can be applied in real leadership situations. The organization felt the need to determine how personal productivity of every employee can be improved and how the organization can mentor its employees to grow and work as a team. The nature of the organization and the industry that the organization operates has led to the need to have different projects and different teams within the projects. The teams assigned to particular projects are set with the responsibility of seeing the project to the end. Background Managers in such like organization face the challenge of managing different groups due to the lack of consistency in uniform team membership. Managers are forced to manage teams that are specifically in charge of a particular project and then the team is disbanded after the project (Orla Richard 2008, p11). Managers that deal with such teams face the challenge of integrating the team together, Leveraging the potential of the team and at the same time becoming the team leader so as to establish an environment of innovation, creativity and adaptability. The manager is charged with the responsibility of ensuring the success of the team and at the same time the organization. In managing teams that run different projects within goggle, the manager has the role of giving direction and determining the nature of the group that the team will operate. By this, the manager sets ground rules that guide the team. Identification of Issues and Problems Google organization from the case study seems to have several problems that are affecting the organization. The organization seems to be based on a lot of specialization and bureaucracy that makes most operations of the group too formal. This makes the teams to focus so much on tasks rather relations. The relationships are primary based and only relate to the task at hand. Due to this the members have less personal contact to each other which limits new ideas since group members being forced to wear a formal code that is controlled by the team leader who limits the group to the agenda. The organization also lacks a clear organizational culture that guides the conduct and relationship between members within the organization and in groups. Organization culture is a system of beliefs, values and assumptions that are shared among members by guiding how the organization is governed. These influences dictate how they conduct themselves at work and perform their duties. By the fact that the organization has embarked on project Aristotle to determine the reason why employees perform differently and the results that were found by Matt after the research show that the organization was lacking a clear organizational structure. According to Schein (2011, p9-13; Intagliata, Ulrich Smallwood 2000, P21), organizational culture has three forms that shape the behaviour of employees in an organization. Structural functionalists suggest that organizations are embedded in values of the society that lead to the achievement gals and activities. Further institutional functionalists argu e that the history of an organization and its past leadership shapes an institutional culture that binds the employees. The organizational groups are not based on fusing of formal, informal, secondary and primary aspects of group characteristics. The groups are based on the task at hand and not building relations for the future (Miller, Mabel Koncha, 2014, 25-26). Management styles that are adopted by managers determine the effectiveness of a group. Team A within the organization operates on less structure norms within the organization, with the team leader taking the leading role. However the group lacks clear structure and team rules with members changing from one discussion to the other. On the hand team B consists of clearly defined roles with each member sticking to the role that they play within the team. Formal codes within the team hinder group dynamics since members have to stick to the rules of the discussion. Fee discussions within the team open up group dynamics making members to freely express themselves and show their inner qualities that may hinder or improve progress. Management theorists argue that there is no best management style and thus the most preferred style will depend on the situation and the people. The best leaders have in the world have been born out of situations since charisma is limited. Therefore competency in management only defines the traditional way of doing things. Matt manages technicians and engineers who carry out tasks that he personally doesnt understand. This is because he has mastered the art of managing people and supplemented it with the traditional and modern management styles. Contingency theorists argue that management decisions are based on the situation and routine decisions that fit the whole firm (Manoj Shilpa 2013, p312).The management style adopted will depend on the group being managed and the task at hand. For example when dealing with senior level managers, the moderation style may be different from when dealing with lower level employees. Possible Solutions From the problems identified above, Bureaucracy and specialization seems to be hindering the performance of employees during team tasks. Reducing the bottlenecks by having middle level managers and group leaders who can make decisions directly can improve efficiency. The higher layers of management within the organization affect and delay decision making (Northouse 2007, p27). The best teams that have managed to overcome group dynamics are teams that are less informal and have no set norms. The group members relate casually so long as the objective of the team is met. Organizational culture proponents argue that the organization needs to have a set of values that determine and shape the business processes within the organization. It has been argued by scholars that leadership in organizations starts with the formation of an organizational culture that binds all the employees and integrates them to one concept of meeting the business strategy of the organization. Through organizational culture the leader is able to promote ethical culture that is important in organizational growth. This culture differentiates the organization from other organizations. Therefore Google needs to define an organizational culture that represents the business strategy of the organization and connects the employees as a team. This enables the leaders within the organization to grow a dynamic organization. The need to adopt different types of group leadership styles is a key element in ensuring that the members of different groups are able to perform as a team. Schein (2004) argues that informal management styles bring the manager closer to the employee through coaching and teaching mechanisms. The manager needs to combine both formal and informal management styles in forming of groups in relation to a particular task. According to Thompson, Strickland, Gamble (2005) organizations that have employees bonding beyond the work place form the best teams when team work is needed. As suggested by Julia in her previous groups, socialising outside the normal workplace and running a team on a less formal mode makes the employees comfortable and attached to the group. This is a way of exploring the potential of the lesser members of the team since it makes them comfortable and able to relate well within the group. More formal structures exhibit power and hierarchy elations in group set ups which hinder participation of subordinates. Thus means that the group need to operate on informal basis but have clear structure and team rules. This is important in final decision making and Proposed Solution The best leaders in the world have been situational leaders and not managers (Orla Boyle, 2008). Greenberg Baron (2003, p 125) situational leadership can best be applied within the organization. This will mean that teams or groups within a task do not have specified team leaders but rather leaders are chosen within the members themselves. This gives room to the team to judge the best person to lead the task at hand. However the rules of operation within teams need to be clearly set to enable the teams operate within the requirements of the organization. Matt as an example has mastered situational leadership and known how to manage different teams that are more technical than he understands. This will mean mixing management style to have a hybrid style that meets the needs of the team and the task at hand (Orensen 2002, p 81; Thompson, Strickland Gambler (2005, p34). Recommendations Leadership in groups depends on the situation that exists. Some situations may call for certain leadership traits that a team leader may lack. Open team leadership where the teams choose leaders depending on the task can be the best strategy in fostering team work and exploring the potential of teams. This means that Google has to develop an open leadership where each employee or member of a team has a chance of participating in group leadership. This gives room for all personality traits to be utilised within the team which is an advantage to the organization. McNaron (2009, p859) further adds that team building strategies can be used to bring together employees in a forum where they are free to interact and propose ideas that may improve the organization. The organization will benefit by having an organizational culture that can be used as a competitive advantage and part of the business strategy. References Greenberg J Baron A.R, 2003. Behaviour in Organizations. Strategic management Journal, Vol. 8. P121-127. Intagliata, J., Ulrich, D. Smallwood, N., 2000. Leveraging Leadership Competencies to Produce Leadership Brand: Creating Distinctiveness by Focusing on Strategy and Results. Human Resource Planning, 23(3). Manoj Kumar Sharma . Shilpa, 2013. Leadership Management: Principles, Models and Theories. Global Journal of Management and Business Studies. Volume 3, Number 3, pp. 309-318. McNaron M, 2009, Using transformational learning principles to change behaviour in the operating theatre. Aron Journal, vol.89, no. 5, pp.859-860. Miller, Rex, Mabel Casey, and Mark Konchar, 2014. Change Your Space, Change Your Culture: How Engaging Workspaces Lead to Transformation and Growth. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Northouse, G., 2007. Leadership theory and practice. (3rd ed.) Thousand Oak, London, New Delhe, Sage Publications, Inc. Orla ODonnell Richard Boyle, 2008. Understanding and Managing Organisational Culture. Dublin Colour Books Ltd. Orensen, J.B., 2002. The strength of corporate culture and the reliability of firm performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol 47, 70-91. Schein, E. M., 2004. Organizational culture and leadership. (3rd. ed.). Jossy-Bass. Schein, E. H., 2011. Leadership and organizational culture. New York, NY: Wiley. Thompson, A. A., Strickland, A. J., Gamble, J. E., 2005. Crafting and executing strategy: The quest for competitive advantage: Concepts and cases (4thed.). McGraw Hill, Irwin Watson, T.J., 2006. Organising and Managing Work, UK: Pearson Education Limited.

Factors Affecting Sustainability Development

Question: Discuss about the Factors Affecting Sustainability Development. Answer: Introduction According to recent studies, research on renewable energies is at an all-time high, a factor that has caused production costs to reduce tremendously over the past ten years. Its because of such trends that a study was commissioned by Ecomagination of General Electric to identify the trends in renewable energies, particularly in renewable electricity (Stark, Pless, Logan, Zhou Arent, 2015). This study was commissioned to identify the cost expenditures experienced when investing in renewable energy technologies. The Joint Institute for Strategic Energy Analysis was responsible for the study which was done in combination with the works of scientists from the NREL department (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) in late 2014. As stated above, this case study focused on renewable energies, more so the wind and solar power that at the time accounted for more than half of all power productions in the past ten years (NREL 2015). Moreover, the study focused on the general assessment of the technologies and the costs experienced when generating the power. Similarly, this report will focus on the general analysis of renewable energies, especially those that offer a safe substitute for traditional power options. Furthermore, this report will highlight the cost implications at the generation level of power production, it will not consider the complexity of market distribution and transmission. Instead, its goal will be to offer solutions to existing power problems in a sustainable manner. Objective To offer viable options for power generation through renewable technologies in order to meet the planets sustainability requirements. NREL case study highlights some of the trends in renewable technologies where it provides factual information to support the claims of the industry including the critical cost investments. Current and future investment are critical to sustainability as they determine the capacity to deliver power requirements while meeting the needs of the planet, these are the key factors in sustainability options (Baiorunos 2011). Sustainability Factors Sustainability arouses great attention in the modern society where capitalism seems to influence all decisions. At its core, sustainability is the need to meet current requirements without compromising those of the future. Technology through engineering has tried to offers solutions to current power requirements while meeting the needs of the future, however, most of these solutions are still at a development stage. Most ideas and developments loss focus at a development phase where business leaders prefer or opt to sustain their businesses rather than sustain the society and the planet as a whole (Law 2009). However, the trends in renewable energies provide a balance between these factors in a manner that sustains the environment. Renewable electricity (RE) is now readily available to the masses through wind and solar power. Moreover, the cost of RE generation is now reasonable to offer competition to existing power options such as those developed through fossils fuels (Chisholm 2003). These trends in the field are also set to rise because of favourable characteristics they pose and the support they have received from business stakeholders. However, the recent growths in natural gas supply and the collapse of oil prices threatens this trend. Moreover, fossil fuels seem to have a minimal impact on power generation which means that even when RE technologies are fully incorporated they will still be used in other sectors (NREL 2015). So, how do the currents trend in RE generation costs compare to those of fossil fuels and what practices are in place to address future sustainability challenges? RE cost trends (Current and Future) Technological advancement has led to cost reductions and improved performance of RE technologies. Today, photovoltaic cells and wind turbines are more efficient as compared to ten years ago. These advancements have drastically reduced the cost of power production and have expanded the market share of these technologies. Moreover, these trends have influenced innovative finance practices that offer investors high returns based on the existing energy policies. In addition to this, organisations are now structuring their plans to fit the sustainability requirements which has led to more RE producers who cater to a much bigger audience (Ren21 2016). However, consider the progress that would have been seen by now if enforceable laws had been enacted in the past to deal with the implementation of renewable energies. According to NREL (2015), RE costs of production have fallen by 80 percent, this drastic reduction is only because of the improvements in the field. Moreover, due to the market expansion and the levelled cost of electricity, solar power has also seen a drop in costs of production of 50 percent. These values place RE technologies within the range of fossil fuel and power production which signifies the importance of cost of production in sustainability requirements (Randall 2016). However, according to Liebreich, the foreseeable future is likely to be characterised by low-cost fuels and oil production. These views by a keynote speaker in the recent BNEF (Bloomberg New Energy Finance) summit threaten the trend seen in RE technologies. So, what can technology and the society do to meet the competition imposed by fossil fue ls? Beating the competition (RE Future Trends) Sustainability goals should drive the agendas set in power production where all stakeholders involved should develop plans that compromise on cost and the success of renewable energies. Consider the case study of Amsterdam clean energy policies, Amsterdam has embarked on a mission to sustain its environment. Through its win-win procedure, it has developed procedures that will reduce greenhouse emissions thus propelling the city to a sustainable environment. Through the help of the business sector and the civil society, they have implemented procedures that favour the environment while meeting the energy needs of the city (Berger 2016). At the forefront of this master plan are renewable energies, where the wind and solar power are to be used to power the city. Furthermore, their plan envisions an integrated futuristic society that has both social and economic aims to meet the needs of the environment. Through their plan sustainability is and will be easily achieved, more so, when you consider their overall plan to have a clean and renewable economy. Similarly, the world at large should adopt a similar policy where all decisions both civic and business are made to serve the RE requirements. Policies that reward those who invest in renewable energies should be implemented, these policies should be based on the financial sector where most people seem to focus. For instance, develop special tax clause that waivers the tax requirements for solar panels and wind turbines. In addition to this, incorporate all stakeholders just like Amsterdam did, where business representatives are consulted and so are the civic representatives. Furthermore, technology should embrace those who are disadvantaged by developing cheap RE options that meet the competition set by cheap inadequate energy sources. Again, these requirements need investment, the overall key to sustainability (Yonavjak, Norford Ballesteros 2013). Financial Inefficiencies According to the NREL case study, the developments seen in renewable electricity (wind and solar) are because of the benefits they offer particularly to sustainability which assures the survival of the planet. However, future developments depend on the energy plans made by decisions that analyse the short and long-term risks. Most of these risks are financial affecting economies, projects, and energy prices. Nevertheless, developing and maintaining these technologies is the critical component of meeting the sustainability requirements (Reeep 2007). Technologies that facilitate renewable energy have different risks than those experienced by other regular energy sources, for instance, wind and solar power is available at different times of the day. However, unlike fossil fuels, they have a lower operation cost and are immune to fluctuations in fuel price. Moreover, most RE technologies have different risks that complement each other thus can bridge the gaps experienced by each individual technology. Now, regardless of these benefits the sector still lacks the necessary financial backing to meet the current environmental demands which affect its development trends. In the previous chapter, we highlight incentives that influence financial decision makers to promote RE technologies. However, does this outlook really help expand the industry? Subsidising policies (e.g. tax laws) does not necessary guarantee success, this because many organisations could invest in dubious projects to get the favours of these laws. As a future trend, these policies should go to depths of focusing on innovative market designs, operational costs and most importantly focus on the integration of RE technologies in the present financial systems. This outlook engages capitalism in promoting sustainability by meeting the financial needs of the world. A start to this trends could be solutions to the current energy crisis. Present statistics show finite reserves of fossils fuels more so those of oil, this creates an opportunity to acquire investments from oil proponents in order to maintain their future financial status (Reeep 2007). These investments could be made as an ans wer to an alternative capital source which coincidentally serves as an alternative to the energy problem, therefore, meeting the sustainability requirements. RE technology integration to meet sustainability requirements Globally, RE technologies have had a steady growth since 2004 where power production in 2014 (both wind and solar) was estimated to be more than 400GW. Individually, wind power capacity has grown from 48 GW to 318 GW from 2004 to 2013, on the other hand, solar power capacity has grown from 2.6GW to 139GW within the same period (REN21 2014). This steady rise is attributed to the advances in the technology where improved techniques have been used. In wind power engineers have been able to develop systems in high towers, having bigger blades and most importantly having efficient transmission systems. Similarly, solar power has seen advancements in photovoltaic materials that generate and conserve energy more efficiently than previous material. However, it is the enhancements in intelligent communication systems that engineers have been able to generate more power/energy per the investment rate (Voorlichting-EWI 2016). Sustainability can only be met if these technologies are fully integrated into the national grids and become the primary source of energy. Today, integrating these technologies into power systems forms the biggest challenges to grid workers and engineer who have to maintain a consistent power output. However, newer methods of forecasting supply, controlling RE transmission and generation are slowly helping meet these challenges. Moreover, research suggests that over 30 percent of all solar and wind electricity requirements are easily met by the existing system but, the other limit (70%) still depends on the market designs and other operational demands (NREL 2015). Again, this limit still depends on financial investment proving the importance of cost analysis in sustainability engagements (Hui 1997). At an individual level, it may fall to us all to influence the society in a manner that encourages a sustainable lifestyle. At a production level little can be done by individuals because energy production is system oriented rather than product oriented. Maybe, we could invest in the field by reducing our consumption of inefficient energy sources such as fossil fuels and also by participating in the development of RE technologies through donations among other minor roles. These simple activities may help the sustainability initiative which is a more complex than dealing with the energy production crisis (Connors 1998). Renewable energies have a vital role in meeting the future demands of energy and achieving global sustainability. Recent trends show tremendous growth in the field especially in electricity production where solar and wind power has been used efficiently across the globe. Our focus case study highlights these trends more so the cost implications of the RE technologies and how financial factors affect sustainability. Financial aspects of RE production stand out as the major challenge for meeting the short and long-term objectives of sustainability. Although investments have been made into the industry, experts in the field still lack adequate resources to meet the needs of today and tomorrow. Moreover, recent trends in fossil fuel prices threaten the achieved progress by creating barriers in the energy market. Therefore, rigorous techniques are needed to facilitate faster developments of renewable energies especially in the integration of RE technologies in the existing energy infrastructure. At the heart of this techniques should be economic opportunities which could entice business stakeholders to invest in these technologies. Moreover, the current energy crisis should also serve as a warning to future times when fossil sources will be depleted. Investing in renewable energies should no longer be an option but a necessity for survival. New sources other than solar and wind should also be invested in to create more options for the current energy demands that must be met in a sustainable way. This approach will secure a safer environment for the future generations who technology may advance the existing technological systems. References Baiorunos. R, 2011, 5 factors of sustainability: this isnt your grandmothers sustainability framework, Community wealth partners, Available from: https://communitywealth.com/5-factors-of-sustainability/ [27 January 2017] Berger. J. J, 2016, Sustainable Amsterdam: A Win-Win Post-Fossil Fuel Strategy, Renewable energy world, Available from: https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/articles/2016/10/sustainable-amsterdam-a-win-win-post-fossil-fuel-strategy.html [27 January 2017] Camila. S, Pless. J, Logan. J, Zhou. E Arent. J, 2015, Renewable Electricity: Insights for the Coming Decade, Joint Institute for strategic energy analysis, Available from: https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy15osti/63604.pdf [27 January 2017] Chisholm. C. U, 2003, Critical Factors Relating to the Future Sustainability of Engineering Education, global journal of engineering education, 7(1), Available from: https://www.wiete.com.au/journals/GJEE/Publish/vol7no1/Chisholm.pdf [27 January 2017] Connors. S. R, 1998, Issues in energy and sustainable development, Fourth International Programme on the Management of Sustainability, Available from: https://web.mit.edu/connorsr/www/docs/Connors_SustDevel_Jun98.pdf [27 January 2017] Hui. S. C, 1997, From Renewable Energy to Sustainability: The Challenge for Hong Kong, In Proc. Of the POLMET 97 Conference, Available from: https://web.hku.hk/~cmhui/polmet97.pdf [27 January 2017] Law. K. 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